Showing posts with label Greek Credo. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Greek Credo. Show all posts

Monday, October 17, 2022

Greek Credo in 11th Century Pontifical of Salzburg

 The circa 1050AD Pontifical of Salzburg contains the service for the Making of Catechumens.  Within the service, the Symbol of Faith, or Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, is appointed to be given in both Greek and Latin. 


The Greek is written in Latin letters; of noticeable import would be the section concerning the Holy Ghost in the Creed, which reads: 

"Ke is to Penumato Agion to Kyrion ke Zopion to ek thu Patros ek porreugemenon to sin Patri ke Io sin proskinumenon ke sin doxa" 


Which, in English, would be:

"And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-Giver, from the Father Proceeding, with the Father and the Son together worshipped and glorified." 


When the Symbol is repeated in Latin on the next page, it has the notorious interpolation of "Filioque" in the section concerning the Procession. 

There does seem to have been a desire in areas when the Symbol was being interpolated in Latin, to retain the uncorrupted text in Greek, however. 

Friday, August 19, 2022

Greek Symbol of Faith (Credo) in the 950 Sacramentary of Mainz

 In the 10th Century Sacramentary of Mainz, probably belong to Abbey of St. Alban, we find the Ordinary of the Mass (i.e., Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, etc) written in Greek transliterated in Latin letters. 

For the Symbol of Faith, or Credo, on page 10 we read the following:

"Ke is to Pneumato Agion to Kirion ke Zoopion to ek tu Patros ekporeugemnon to sin Patri ke Io sin proskynumenos ke sin doxa." 

That is:

"And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-Giver, from the Father Proceeding, with the Father and the Son together worshipped and glorified." 

Singing the Ordinary of the Mass in the Greek language was not entirely unknown in the Latin West at the time. 



Friday, December 24, 2021

Greek Credo in 11th Century Pontifical of Emperor Henry III


There is an 11th Century Pontifical that is connected with the Emperor Henry III; it seems to have probably been made for the Archbishop of Salzburg.  It is of the Romano-German type; and derives from a the same stream as the mid-11th century Winchester Pontifical that was copied from a Continental type.  

Like that Pontifical, it gives the Credo in Greek and then in Latin, in the section that contains the giving of the Catechumenate with the various Expositions; also like the Winchester Pontifical, the Greek Credo has musical notation, while the Latin has no musical notation; also, curiously, the chanted Greek Credo has no Filioque interpolation in its text, while the Latin Credo has the lamentable Filioque addition in its text.  

The Greek text is transliterated into Latin letters, and the section regarding the Holy Ghost reads as follows:

"Ke is to Pneumato Agion to Kirion ke ho opion to ek thu Patros ek porreugemenon to sin Patri ke Io sin proskinumenon ke sin doxa ho menon to lalisan diaton Prophiton."

[And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-Giver, from the Father Proceeding, with the Father and the Son worshipped and glorified, Who spake through the Prophets.]


It can be found on page 102r of the manuscript. 


Of course, like many transliterated Latin text of the Greek Credo from the Medieval period, the pronunciation is often different than how one would pronounce the Greek today, and such; but, one can see this same issue in the Old Gelasian Sacramentary with its transliteration of the Greek Credo in Latin; the dropping and adding of certain consonants, etc, in places we wouldn't expect.  

Nevertheless, there still was a lively consciousness, I would argue, that even where the Latin interpolated Credo was beginning to be used, that the Greek Credo must be preserved unaltered.  Perhaps because there was some realization that peace must be maintained with the Eastern Church, as well as a conservative adherence to tradition, even while deviant innovation was creeping into the Latin Credo text.   But, one sees this preservation of the Greek Credo [and even un-interpolated Latin Credo] still in place in the 11th century (such as the Mainz text).  

 

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