Greek Credo in 11th Century Pontifical of Emperor Henry III

There is an 11th Century Pontifical that is connected with the Emperor Henry III; it seems to have probably been made for the Archbishop of Salzburg.  It is of the Romano-German type; and derives from a the same stream as the mid-11th century Winchester Pontifical that was copied from a Continental type.  

Like that Pontifical, it gives the Credo in Greek and then in Latin, in the section that contains the giving of the Catechumenate with the various Expositions; also like the Winchester Pontifical, the Greek Credo has musical notation, while the Latin has no musical notation; also, curiously, the chanted Greek Credo has no Filioque interpolation in its text, while the Latin Credo has the lamentable Filioque addition in its text.  

The Greek text is transliterated into Latin letters, and the section regarding the Holy Ghost reads as follows:

"Ke is to Pneumato Agion to Kirion ke ho opion to ek thu Patros ek porreugemenon to sin Patri ke Io sin proskinumenon ke sin doxa ho menon to lalisan diaton Prophiton."

[And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-Giver, from the Father Proceeding, with the Father and the Son worshipped and glorified, Who spake through the Prophets.]

It can be found on page 102r of the manuscript. 

Of course, like many transliterated Latin text of the Greek Credo from the Medieval period, the pronunciation is often different than how one would pronounce the Greek today, and such; but, one can see this same issue in the Old Gelasian Sacramentary with its transliteration of the Greek Credo in Latin; the dropping and adding of certain consonants, etc, in places we wouldn't expect.  

Nevertheless, there still was a lively consciousness, I would argue, that even where the Latin interpolated Credo was beginning to be used, that the Greek Credo must be preserved unaltered.  Perhaps because there was some realization that peace must be maintained with the Eastern Church, as well as a conservative adherence to tradition, even while deviant innovation was creeping into the Latin Credo text.   But, one sees this preservation of the Greek Credo [and even un-interpolated Latin Credo] still in place in the 11th century (such as the Mainz text).  

 

Greek Credo in 11th Anglo-Saxon Pontifical

I have mentioned previously the 11th century Anglo-Saxon Pontifical known as CCCC Ms. 163.  It is Pontifical of a Continental type, and such, but, had some usage in 11th century England; associated with Abp. Ealdred of York. 

For our purposes, we have our attention turned to the section that deals with the Making of Catechumens, as it contains the singing of the Credo in Greek, and then, again, in Latin.   Go to page 46 [which is listed as page 43 in the actual manuscript]. 

What is interesting is that the Credo in Greek not only has musical notation, but, it simply reads in the following Latin transliteration of the Greek:

"Ke is to Penumato Agion tu Kyrion kezoopion to ek tu Patros ekporeugomenon ton si Patri ke Io sin proskynumenon ke in doxa, zomenon tolalisan diaton profiton."

That is:

"And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-Giver, Who from the Father Proceedeth, Who with the Father and the Son togenther is worshipped and glorified, Who spake by the Prophets." 

Now, in the next page, we have the Credo in Latin, and, unfortunately, the Credo is recited with the notorious interpolation in Latin with the well-known "qui ex Patre Filioque Procedit..." 

Of course, that the Credo was sung in Greek without the Filioque should tell us something.  The simple explanation that they copied a text and had no idea what it says doesn't seem satisfying, seeing that there ARE, in fact, 11th century Western books that have the Greek transliterated Credo but add a "ke Io" right after "ek tu Patros..."  While Greek may have not been as well-known as it should have been, this didn't mean there weren't Greek grammar books, and some individuals who understood the basics of the language.  

If some in the 11th century knew enough Greek to add the Filioque in Greek to a Latin transliterated Credo in some cases, then they could tell when they were looking at an untampered Greek Credo in Latin transliterated.  There are various speculative explanations for why they would keep the Greek Credo untampered with even in the second half of the 11th century in England; but, all we can say is that it was recited as such still in some places.