Greek Credo in 11th Century Pontifical of Salzburg

 The circa 1050AD Pontifical of Salzburg contains the service for the Making of Catechumens.  Within the service, the Symbol of Faith, or Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, is appointed to be given in both Greek and Latin. 

The Greek is written in Latin letters; of noticeable import would be the section concerning the Holy Ghost in the Creed, which reads: 

"Ke is to Penumato Agion to Kyrion ke Zopion to ek thu Patros ek porreugemenon to sin Patri ke Io sin proskinumenon ke sin doxa" 

Which, in English, would be:

"And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-Giver, from the Father Proceeding, with the Father and the Son together worshipped and glorified." 

When the Symbol is repeated in Latin on the next page, it has the notorious interpolation of "Filioque" in the section concerning the Procession. 

There does seem to have been a desire in areas when the Symbol was being interpolated in Latin, to retain the uncorrupted text in Greek, however. 

1039 Freising Pontifical and the Filioque

 In the 1039 Pontifical of Freising, from Germany, in the section for Baptism, which follows the Old Roman Ordo of apportioning out the Catechumenate, especially in the last week of Lent, we have noticeable items like the tradition [giving] of the Our Father and Symbol. 

https://usuarium.elte.hu/book/838/view

In the section for the giving of the Symbol of Faith [i.e. the Credo in Unum Deum], it gives, like in the Gelasian Sacramentary, the Symbol to be recited in Greek and Latin.  

In the Symbol in Greek (transliterated into Latin letters), we have chant notation above the words; the text is given absent the infamous "Filioque" addition.

However, only a page or two later, when the Symbol is recited in Latin, the notorious addition of "Filioque" is lamentably found in the Latin text.

This, as we have noted in previous posts, is different than in the Pontifical of Poitiers, which gives the Greek and Latin text of the Symbol absent the "Filioque", as well as in the 1025 Subiaco Missal, which similarly gives the Greek and Latin text of the Symbol unaltered as well. 

I speculate that that a certain high degree of importance was attached to the Greek text of the Symbol in Latin books, as you will often find chant notation attached to the Greek Symbol over against the Latin in the Catechumenate; this gives a certain degree of added solemnity, and, even in the 11th century as the "Filioque" addition found its place more and more in different books in the Latin West, more often than not the Greek text was always preserved in Latin books free from corruption. 

10th Century Pontifical of Poitiers and Filioque Interpolation in Interlinear Latin

 This is the 10^th century Pontifical of Poitiers. In the section for Making of a Catechumen, at the giving of the Creed, we have the Creed written in Greek in Latin letters, and then, an interlinear Latin translation.

In the transliterated Greek it just reads (on fol. 55v) as:

“Ke is to Penuma to Agion to Kyrrion ke Zoopion to ek tu Patros ek Porreugomenon.”

[“And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-Giver, from the Father Proceeding.”]

In the Latin interlinear text, however, we notice something curious. In the original Latin text it just reads as:

“Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum et Vivificantem, ex Patre Procedens.”

[“And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Life-Giver, from the Father Proceeding.”]

However, you notice that a later hand, with darker ink, has tampered with the text, so that we have the following emendation:

“Qui” added to before “ex” and “Filioque” added immediate after “Patre” and the original “procedens” has been erased, and the form “procedit” put in its place.

The Gelasian form of the Latin Symbol generally read simply as “ex Patre Procedens” or sometimes "Procedentem".

Nevertheless, the Pontifical was made in the 10^th Century in Poitiers, for the Bishop of that City, and the original 10^th Century text simply had the Credo in Greek (with the interlinear gloss having a faithful translation, absent a much later interpolation).

HOWEVER, if we go only to the page after the Greek Credo is completed (56v), things get even better. There, the Credo is to be recited formally in Latin (while the interlinear text in Latin was not a formal recitation), with the formal Latin Symbol / Credo in the relevant section saying:

“Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum et Vivifcatorem, ex Patre Procedentem.”

“And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of Life, from the Father Proceeding.”]

No interpolation was attempted. So, what happened? Well, whoever took the book, and much later interpolated the interlinear Latin, apparently didn’t do a very thorough job; he simply added the forbidden “Filioque” only to the interlinear, and left the formal Latin a page later uncorrupted!

When was the interlinear text corrupted? My guess is in the 11^th Century when other cataclysmic changes happened.